Suggested references and sources (most of these provided by Nigel West (http://www.nigelwest.com/abouttheauthor.htm). I have added a few of my own but the structure and the lion’s share of the spade work was done by Nigel West.
GENERAL AND BACKGROUND
Epstein, Edward Jay (1989). Deception. New York: New York: Simon & Shuster
Knightley, Phillip (1986). The Second Oldest Profession. London: André Deutsch.
Minnick, Wendell (1992). Spies and Provocateurs. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Schecter, Jerold (2002). The Spy Who Saved the World. New York: Charles Scribner’s.
Smith, Joseph and Davis, Simon (2000). Historical Dictionary of the Cold War. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press.
Stafford, David (2002). Spies Beneath Berlin. London: John Murray.
West, Nigel (2002). Historical Dictionary of International Intelligence. Lantham, MD: The Scarecrow Press
CAMBRIDGE SPIES
Bethell, Lord Nicholas (1984). The Great Betrayal: The Untold Story of Kim Philby’s Biggest Coup. London Time Books
Borovik, Genrikh (1994). Philby Files: The Secret Life of a Master Spy. London: Little, Brown
Brown, Anthony Cave (1994). Treason in the Blood: H. St. John Philby, Kim Philby, and the Spy Case of the Century. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Carter, M. (2002). Anthony Blunt. Farrar Straus & Giroux
Cookridge, E. H. (1969). The Third Man: The Full Story of Kim Philby. G.P. Putnam
Costello, John (1988). Mask of Treachery. Morrow.
Deacon, Richard (1986). The Cambridge Apostles: A History of Cambridge University’s Elite Intellectual Secret Society. Straus & Giroux.
Driberg, Tom (1956). Guy Burgess: A Portrait with Background. Weidenfelt & Nicolson.
Hoare, Geoffrey (1955). The Missing Macleans. Viking.
Knightley, Phillip (1989). The Master Spy. Knopf.
Lamphere, Robert (1986). The FBI-KGB War. Random House.
Mann, Wilfred Basil (1982). Was There a Fifth Man? Pergamon.
Modin, Yuri (1995). My Five Cambridge Friends. Farrah, Straus & Giroux.
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (introduction by Richard Gib Powers) (1998). Secrecy. Yale University Press.
Newton, Verne W (1991). The Cambridge Spies: The Untold Story of Maclean, Philby, and Burgess in America. Lantham, MD: Madison Books. ISBN: 0-8181-8059-9
Newton was a Washington-based independent scholar when he wrote this book He had served four years as a senior official in the State Department and that certainly assisted him greatly in uncovering the paper trail left behind by the Cambridge spies. The spies played a role in World War II to be sure, but also in the Cold War where a major struggle occurred between the West and the USSR over the Persian-Gulf oil fields, the Congolese uranium ore, locations for air and naval bases to dominate the vital traffic from the Black Sea Straits to the Pacific Islands. Newton details the behind the scenes efforts of the Cambridge spies, Donald Maclean, Kim Philby, and Guy Burgess, to see that the Soviet Union prevailed in these clashes.
Nicolson, Harold (1968). Diaries and Letters, Vol. 3, “The Later Years, 1945-1962.” Antheneum.
Page, Bruce; Leitch, David; and Knightley, Phillip (1969). The Spy Who Betrayed a Generation. Sphere Books.
Penrose, Barrie and Freeman, Simon (1986). Conspiracy of Silence: The Secret Life of Anthony Blunt. Griffon.
Philby, Eleanor (1968). Kim Philby: The Spy I Married. Ballantine Books.
Philby, Kim (1968). My Silent War. Grove Press.
Pincher, Harry Chapman (1984). Too Secret Too Long. St. Martin’s Press.
Seale, Patrick, and McFonville, Maureen (1973). Philby: The Long Road to Moscow. Simon & Schuster.
Straight, Michael (1983). After Long Silence. Norton
Sutherland, Douglas (1980). The Fourth Man. Secker & Warburg
West, Nigel (ed.) (1995). The Faber Book of Espionage. Faber & Faber
West, Nigel, and Tsarev, Oleg (1998). The Crown Jewels: The British Secrets at the Heart of the KGB Archives. Harper Collins.
West, Rebecca (1964). The New Meaning of Treason. Viking.
Wright, Peter (1987). Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer. New York: Viking, 1987
Spycatcher had a significant impact on several levels. To begin with, Wright's book was a major challenge to Britain's secrecy laws, as British officials banned the book and then tried unsuccessfully to win an injunction against publication in a widely-reported trial in Australia. This of course guaranteed that the book would be a bestseller, whereupon some of Wright's allegations received more attention than they probably deserved: that Roger Hollis, the head of MI5 in the 1960s, was a Soviet mole, that MI5 sometimes bugged diplomatic conferences, that they plotted against British prime minister Harold Wilson in 1974-1976 Wright claims that this was instigated by the CIA's Angleton, and that MI6 plotted to assassinate Nasser during the 1956 Suez crisis. Of these, the plot against Wilson was the most newsworthy, but Wright's treatment is considered self-serving
BRITISH COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
Aldrich, Richard (2001). The Hidden Hand. London: John Murray.
Blake, George (1990). No Other Choice. London: Jonathan Cape.
Bower, Tom (1995). The Perfect English Spy. London: Heinemann
Cavendish, Anthony (1990). Inside Intelligence. London: Collins.
Costello, John (1988). Mask of Treachery. New York: William Morrow.
Deacon, Stephen (1979). MI6. London: Fourth Estate.
Dorril, Stephen and Ramsay, Robin (1991). SMEAR: Wilson and the Secret State. London: Fourth Estate
Hennessey, Thomas and Thomas, Claire (2009). Spooks: The Unofficial History of MI5. Chalford, Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Amberley Publishing. ISBN: 978-84868-079-1
Hennessy, Peter (2002). The Secret State. London: Penguin.
Leigh, David (1980). The Frontiers of Secrecy. London: Junction.
Milne, Seamus (1994). The Enemy Within. London: Verso.
Paine, Lauan. Britain’s Intelligence Service. London: Robert Hale.
Penrose, Barrie, and Freeman, Simon (1986). Conspiracy of Silence. London: Grafton Books.
Philby, H. A. R., Kim (1968). My Secret War. London: MacGibbon & Key.
Philby, Rufina and Peake, Hayden (1999). The Private Life of Kim Philby. London: St. Ermin’s Press.
Pincher, Chapman (1981). Their Trade is Treachery. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
Porter, Bernard (1980). Plots and Paranoia. London: Unwin Hyman.
Summers, Anthony, and Dorril, Stephen (1987). Honeytrap. London: Weidenfeld.
Thomas, Rosamund (1991). Espionage and Secrecy: The Official Secrets Acts 1911-1989 of the United Kingdom. London: Routledge.
Thurloe, Richard (1994). The Secret State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Trevor, Roper (1968). The Philby Affair. London: William Kimber.
Urban, Mark (1996). UK Eyes Alpha. London: Faber & Faber.
Verrier, Anthony (1983). Through The Looking-Glass. London: Jonathan Cape.
West, Nigel (2005). Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
West, Rebecca (1967). The New Meaning of Treason. New York: Viking Press.
UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE
UNITED STATES COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
Barron, John (1998). Operation SOLO. New York: E.P. Dutton
Bearden, Milton and Risen, John (2004). The Main Enemy. New York: Random House.
Hack, Richard (2004). Puppetmaster. Beverley Hills, CA: New Millennium Press.
Herrington, Stuart (1999). Traitors Among Us. Noveto, CA: Presidio Press.
Sullivan, William J. (1979). The Bureau. New York: W. W. Norton.
Vise, David A. (2002). The Bureau and the Mole. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
Weiner, Tom; Johnston, David; and Lewis, Neil (2003). Betrayal. New York: Random House
Westerfield, H. Bradford, Ed. (1995). Inside CIA’s Private World: Declassified Articles from the Agency’s International Journal, 1955-1992. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press. ISBN: 0-300-07264-3
SOVIET COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
Bower, Tom (1989). Red Web. London: Aurum Press
Cherkashin, Victor and Feifer, Gregory. (2005). Spy Handler. New York: Perseus Books.
Dallin, David (1955). Soviet Espionage. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press.
Donovan, James B. (1964). Strangers on a Bridge. New York: Atheneum, 1964
Foote, Alexander (1964). Handbook for Spies. London: Museum Press.
Modin, Yuri (1995). My Five Cambridge Friends. London: Hodder Headline, 1995
Nechiporenko, Oleg (1993). Passport to Assassination. New York: Birch Lane Press (1993)
Sudoplatov, Pavel (1994). Special Tasks. Boston: Little, Brown.
DEFECTORS
August, Frantisek (1984). Red Star over Prague. London: Sherwood Press.
Bakhlanov, Boris (1972). The Nights are Longest There. London: Hutchinson
Barron, John (1980). MiG Pilot. New York: Avon Books.
Bittman, Ladislav (1972). The Deception Game. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. ISBN: 0-345-29808-X [New York: Ballantine Books]
From 1964-1966 Department D, the special arm of the Soviet-controlled Czechoslovakian Intelligence Service, engaged in dirty tricks against their number one enemy, the United States.
Bittman, the major player in this autobiography, said he defected to the West in 1968 because he concluded that Cold War propaganda was a disservice, especially to Czechoslovakia, his own country. The final irony, he said, was watching soviet and Prague (CIS) agents practice black propaganda operations against Czechoslovakia herself, one of the most successful producers of disinformation and propaganda against the non-Communist world. He was in Vienna when the Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia began August 21, 1968. He defected, and after defection he presented “Special Operations” that he traced in the world press to Western intelligence agencies.
Bittman was suspected, and then accused of being a traitor and subjected to a secret trial. He defected, perhaps to save his own skin more than from feelings of guilt, although he claims to have come to an understanding that “the end does not necessarily justify the means,”
He did experience the tragedy of the Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia, and psychological crises of exile in a new political and cultural environment.
Borodin, Nikolai (1955). One Man in his Time. London: Macmillan.
Chambers, Whittaker (1952). Witness. New York: Random House
Deriabin, Piotr (1959). The Secret World. New York: Doubleday.
Dzhirkvelov, Ilya (1987). Secret Servant. London: Collins.
Frolik, Jozef (1975). The Frolik Defection. London: Leo Cooper
Golitsyn, Anatoli (1984). New Lies for Old. London: Bodley Head.
Gordievsky, Oleg (1995). Last Stop Execution. London: Macmillan.
Gouzenko, Igor (1948). This Was My Choice. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
Granovsky, Anatoli (1962). I Was an NKVD Agent. New York: Devlin-Adair.
Hildago, Orlando (1972). A Spy for Fidel. London: E. A. Seaman.
John, Otto (1972). Twice Through the Lines. Harper & Row.
Kaznacheev, Alexander (1962). Inside a Soviet Embassy. New York: Lippincott.
Khokhlov, Nikolai (1959). In the Name of Conscience. New York: David McKay.
Kravchenko, Viktor (1950). I Chose Justice. New York: Scribner’s
Kravchenko, Viktor (1951). I Chose Freedom. London: Robert Hale
Krotkov, Yuri (1967). The Angry Exile. London: Heinemann
Kuzichkin, Vladimir (1990). Inside the KGB. London: Andrè Deutsch.
Levchenko, Stanislav (1972). On the Wrong Side. New York: Pergamon Brassey.
Lunev, Stanislas and Winkler, Ira (1998). Through the Eyes of the Enemy. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing.
Mitrokhin, Vasili (1999). The Mitrokhin Archive. London: Penguin.
Monat, Pawel (1999). Double Eagle. New York: Harper & Row
Myagkov, Aleksei (1976). Inside the KGBNew York: Foreign Affairs Publishing.
Pacepa, Ion (1987). Red Horizons. Washington, DC: Regnery.
Petrov, Vladimir (1956). Empire of Fear. New York: Praeger.
Rezun, Vladimir (1984). The Acquarium. London: Macmillan.
Sakharov, Vladimir (1980). High Treason. New York: Putnam’s
Sejna, Jan (1984). We Will Bury You. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
Shainberg, Maurice (1986). Breaking from the KGB. New York: Shapolsky Publishing.
Shevchenko, Arkadi (1985). Breaking with Moscow. New York: Ballantine.
Sigl, Rupert (1978). In the Claws of the KGB. New York: Dorrance.
Stiller, Werner (1983). Beyond the Wall. Washington, DC: Brassey’s.
Tokaev, Grigori (1956). Comrad X. New York: Harville.
CRYPTOGRAPHY
D’Agapeyeff, Alexander (1949). Codes and Cyphers. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-1-44373=691-6
Kahn, David (1966). The Codebreakers. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Nuclear Weapons and Proliferation
Serber, Robert (1943, 1992) [edited by Richard Rhodes(1992)]. The Los Alamos Primer: First Lectures on How to Build an Atomic Bomb. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN: 0-520-07576-5
VENONA
Adamson, Iain (1966). The Great Detective. London: Frederick Muller.
Albright, Joseph and Kuynstel, Marcia (1997). Bombshell. New York: Random House.
Australia. Royal Commission on Espionage (1955). Report of the Royal Commission on Espionage. Canberra : Commonwealth Govt. Printer.
Benson, Robert Lousi, and Warner, Michael (1996) Venona: Soviet Espionage and the American Response, 1939-1957. Washington, DC: National Security Agency.
Bamford, James (1982). The Puzzle Palace. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin.
Bentley, Elizabeth (1951). Out of Bondage. New York: Devin-Adair.
Bernikow, Louise (1951). Abel. New York: Trident.
Bly, Herman O. (1998). Communism: The cold War and the FBI Connection. New York: Huntingdon House.
Canada (1946). The Report of The Royal Commission Appointed under Order in Council P. C. 411 of February 5, 1946 to Investigate The Facts Relating to and The Circumstances Surrounding The Communication, by Public Officials and Other Persons In Positions of Trust, of Secret and Confidential Information to Agents of A Foreign Power, June 27, 1946. Ottawa : E. Cloutier, Printer to the King.
Carposi, Geroge (1965). Red Spies in Washington. New York: Trident Press.
Clubb, O. Edmund (1974). ). The Witness and I . New York: Columbia University Press.
Huss, Piere J., and Carpozi, George (1965). ). Red Spies in the UN. New York: Coward-McCann.
Kahn, David (1966). The Codebreakers. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Kalugin, Oleg (1994). The First Directorate. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Klehr, Harvey (1995). The Secret World of American Communism. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press.
Klehr, Harvey, and Radosh, Ronald (1996). The Amerasia Spy Case. Charlotte, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Kuczynski, Ruth (1991). Sonia’s Report. London: Chatto & Windus
Lamphere, Robert (1986). The CIA-KGB War. New York: Random House.
Martin, David C. (1980). Wilderness of Mirrors. New York: Harper & Row.
Moorhead, Alan (1952). The Traitors. London: Harper & Row.
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (1998). Secrecy. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press.
Peake, Hayden B. (1997). "OSS and the Venona Decrypts." Intelligence and National Security 12, no. 3 (Jul. 1997), pp. 14-34.
The focus here is the Soviet wartime penetration of OSS Headquarters. Even more specifically, Peake explores in detail the interaction between Elizabeth Bentley's revelations and the Venona decrypts in terms of what is revealed about Soviet agents working in OSS' domestic components. Although the argumentation is too finely detailed to restate succinctly, the author decides that Bentley's accusations are, in the main, supported by the information in the Venona materials. And where they are not supported, they are also not refuted. Peake concludes that "the Soviet intelligence services did a very thorough job of penetrating the domestic elements of OSS." However, the Soviets successes "pose a paradox. They were numerous and productive..., but to date there is no direct evidence of damage that affected the OSS wartime mission in the United States."
Radosh, Ronald and Milton, Joyce (1983). The Rosenberg File. New York: Hold, Rinehart and Winston.
Rees, David (1973). Harry Dexter White. New York: Coward, McCann and Geoghegan.
West, Nigel. VENONA: The Greatest Secret of the Cold War. London: HarperColllins Publishers. ISBN: 0-00-653071-0
The astonishing story of VENONA remains one of the last untold stories in the history of the Cold War. Based on the only complete set of decrypts held in Britain outside Whitehall and supplemented by interviews with most of the key players in the drama, VENONA reveals the extraordinary cryptographic effort conducted in conditions of unprecedented secrecy over three decades that gave Western counterintelligence experts a fascinating glimpse into how Soviet Russia recruited and ran hundreds of moles across the globe. VENONA provided the FBI and CIA with compelling evidence against Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Alger Hiss, Klaus Fuchs, Donald Maclean and many other, but, to protect the source, VENONA could never be mentioned in any trial. Nigel West here identifies for the first time the real names of several important Soviet spies, including the famous scientist J. B. S. Haldane and the Hon. Ivor Montagu, and discloses that there are nearly 300 (as of 1997) not yet indentified former Soviet agents in America and Britain. Nigel West is a first-rate espionage sleuth.
Wright, Peter (1987). Spycatcher. New York: Viking Penguin.
Books by Nigel West
Novels
The Blue List (1989)
Cuban Bluff (1990)
Murder in the Commons (1992)
Murder in the Lord s (1994)
Duel in the Dark (1999)
Anthology (edited)
Spy!: Six Stories of Modern Espionage (1980)
Non-fiction
Historical Dictionary of Naval Intelligence
MI5: British Security Service Operations 1909-1945 (1981)
Matter of Trust: MI5, 1945-72 (1982)
The Circus: MI5 operations 1945-1972 (1983)
MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service Operations 1909-1945 (1983)
Unreliable Witness: Espionage Myths of the Second World War (1984)
A Thread of Deceit: Espionage Myths of World War II. New York: Random House (1985). ISBN: 0-394-53941-9
West addresses several questions about espionage activities during World War II. The major questions (and myths about them exploded) are: How long before the Luftwaffe’s raid on Coventry did Churchill receive a warning? The Soviet network in Switzerland known as the Lucy Ring received intelligence from top echelons of the German H9gh Command. How was this managed? Was the Allied assault on Dieppe betrayed in order to enhance the reputation of an MI5 agent? Who was the Nazi sleeper in the Orkneys who masterminded the singing of the Royal Oak? Did Roosevelt know that the Japanese were planning to attack Pearl Harbor? Was “Little Bill Stephenson really code-named INTREPID? How much notice did the Germans have of the airborne landings at Arnhem? Was CICERO the most successful German spy of the war or a mere pawn in a British deception campaign?
Garbo: The Personal Story of the Most Successful Double Agent Ever (1985)
Operation Garbo: The Personal Story of the Most Successful Double Agent of World War II (1986)
GCHQ: The Secret Wireless War 1900-86 (1987)
Mole-Hunt: The Full Story of the Soviet Spy in MI5 (1987)
The Sigint Secrets: The Signals Intelligence War, 1900 to Today--including the Persecution of Gordon Welchman (1988)
Games of Intelligence: The Classified Conflict of International Espionage (1989)
The Friends: Britain's Post-war Secret Intelligence Operations (1990)
Seven Spies Who Changed the World (1991)
Secret War: The Story of SOE, Britain's Wartime Sabotage Organisation (1992)
The Illegals: The Double Lives of the Cold War's Most Secret Agents (1993)
The Faber Book of Espionage (1993)
The Faber Book of Treachery (1995)
Vietnam Book (1996)
Secret War for the Falklands: SAS, MI6 And the War Whitehall Nearly Lost (1997)
The Crown Jewels: The British Secrets At the Heart of the KGB Archives (1998) (with Oleg Tsarev)
Counterfeit Spies: Genuine Or Bogus? (1998)
British Security Co-Ordination: The Secret History of British Intelligence in the Americas 1940-45 (1998)
Secret History of British Intelligence in the Americas, 1940-45 (1998)
West, Nigel. VENONA: The Greatest Secret of the Cold War. London: HarperColllins Publishers. ISBN: 0-00-653071-0
The astonishing story of VENONA remains one of the last untold stories in the history of the Cold War. Based on the only complete set of decrypts held in Britain outside Whitehall and supplemented by interviews with most of the key players in the drama, VENONA reveals the extraordinary cryptographic effort conducted in conditions of unprecedented secrecy over three decades that gave Western counterintelligence experts a fascinating glimpse into how Soviet Russia recruited and ran hundreds of moles across the globe. VENONA provided the FBI and CIA with compelling evidence against Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Alger Hiss, Klaus Fuchs, Donald Maclean and many other, but, to protect the source, VENONA could never be mentioned in any trial. Nigel West here identifies for the first time the real names of several important Soviet spies, including the famous scientist J. B. S. Haldane and the Hon. Ivor Montagu, and discloses that there are nearly 300 (as of 1997) not yet indentified former Soviet agents in America and Britain. Nigel West is a first-rate espionage sleuth.
The Third Secret: The CIA, Solidarity And the KGB's Plan to Kill the Pope (2000)
Triplex (2004) (with Oleg Tsarev)
Triplex reveals more clearly than ever before the precise nature and extent of the damage done to the much-vaunted British intelligence establishment during World War II by the notorious "Cambridge Five" spy ring”Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, and John Cairncross. The code word TRIPLEX refers to an exceptionally sensitive intelligence source, one of the most closely guarded secrets of the war, which appears nowhere in any of the British government's official histories. TRIPLEX was material extracted illicitly from the diplomatic pouches of neutral missions in wartime London. MI5, the British Security Service, entrusted the job of overseeing the highly secret assignment to Anthony Blunt, who was already working for the NKVD, Stalin's intelligence service. The rest is history, documented here for the first time in rich detail.
Triplex (2004) (with Oleg Tsarev). New Haven, CN: Yale University Press.
Mortal Crimes: The Greatest Theft in History - Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project. New York: Enigma Books(2004). ISBN: 1-929631-21-9
West reveals the detailed investigations conducted on both sides of the Atlantic by MI5, the FBI, and U. S. Military counterintelligence. He discloses the secret cooperation of some of the suspects, the evidence that was accumulated against some of the most revered names in nuclear physics, and describes the unprecedented scale of the NKVD’s networks, and their very successful efforts to cultivate, recruit, and run spy-rings at Berkeley, Los Alamos, New York, Montreal, and Chicago, in an operation codenamed ENORMOZ. The revelations are shocking if true. West is an indefatigable researcher, and has better documented his work than almost any other writer. It is hard to believe some of his revelations.
Mask: MI5's Penetration of the Communist Party of Great Britain (2005)
Historical Dictionary of World War II Intelligence (2007)
Historical Dictionary of Sexspionage (2009)
The A to Z of Sexspionage (2009)
The Guy Liddell Diaries, Volume I (2009)
The A to Z of British Intelligence (2009)
Historical Dictionary of Ian Fleming's World of Intelligence (2009) (see Ian Fleming)
Historical Dictionary of Naval Intelligence (2010)
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